Exposure to Islamophobia: The impacts of an increased risk of bullying victimization on human capital

J. Gabriel Romero-Ciavatto and Serafima Chirkova
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: José Gabriel Romero Ciavatto

Economics & Human Biology, 2024, vol. 52, issue C

Abstract: We use the shock caused by terrorist attacks on the US on September 11, 2001, to study the short- and long-term consequences of exposure to Islamophobia in high-school-aged youths. Our estimates show an immediate sharp increase in rates of identity-based bullying against Arab/Muslim youths relative to youths of other ethnic groups during the years 2001-2003. We also find exposure to Islamophobia increased school dropout rates by 4.11% among US-born male youths of Arab-Muslim origin, which is a large effect from a baseline of 4.6% of school dropout rate in the affected population. In the long term, however, we find no significant effect on educational attainment among the affected population. The data suggest Arab-Muslim male youths born in 1989 were 8.34% more likely to resort to GED tests as a means of obtaining high school credentials after the attacks. We find full-time male workers born in 1984 earn 12.8% less than similar workers who were unexposed to Islamophobia. Moreover, full-time male Arab-Muslim workers born between 1983 and 1985 are between 9% and 12.5% more likely to be in the first quintile of the state-of-residence-year-wage distribution than similar workers who were not exposed to Islamophobia.

Keywords: Islamophobia; Identity-based-bullying victimization; Human capital accumulation; Labor market outcomes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C21 I24 J15 J24 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:ehbiol:v:52:y:2024:i:c:s1570677x23001259

DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101344

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