Carbon dioxide, income and energy: Evidence from a non-linear model

Yi-Bin Chiu

Energy Economics, 2017, vol. 61, issue C, 279-288

Abstract: This study applies the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model to explore the impacts of real income, energy, and investment on the CO2-income nexus for 99 countries covering the period from 1971 to 2010. We find that in the full sample, as real income rises, CO2 emissions rapidly increase first, and then their increasing rate starts to slow down, while the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for CO2 emissions is supported from the composite results of three income groups. Our results show that decreasing energy usage, improving energy efficiency, and enhancing clean energy usage could effectively ease the impacts of real income on CO2 emissions. Moreover, countries with different energy trade conditions and income levels have different CO2-income correlations, indicating that one size does not fit all.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide emissions; Economic growth; Energy; Non-linearity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C33 O13 Q43 Q53 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (35)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:61:y:2017:i:c:p:279-288

DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2016.11.022

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