Neither crowding in nor out: Public direct investment mobilising private investment into renewable electricity projects

Matteo Deleidi, Mariana Mazzucato and Gregor Semieniuk

Energy Policy, 2020, vol. 140, issue C

Abstract: Rapid structural change towards a low-carbon energy supply requires significant additional investments into innovative but high-risk low-carbon technologies. Mobilising greater private investments requires applying the right policy instruments, but while fiscal measures and regulation have been well researched, systematic quantitative evidence about the effect of public direct investment is lacking. Absent empirical evidence, contradictory theoretical arguments claim that such public (co-)investments either ‘crowd out’ or ‘crowd in’ private investors. In this paper we show that the macroeconomic concept of crowding out/in is inapplicable to sectoral studies such as of renewable electricity. Instead, both neoclassical microeconomics and evolutionary economics suggest public direct investment to have a positive effect due to either externalities or market creation effects. We also provide the first quantitative estimate of the effect of public direct investment on private investment into renewable electricity technologies for 17 countries in the period 2004–2014. Using FGLS and static and dynamic GMM estimators, we find that public investments not only have a positive but also consistently the largest effect on private investment flows relative to feed-in tariffs, taxes and renewable portfolio standards in general, and for wind and solar technologies separately. Implications for policy aimed at accelerating the low-carbon transition are discussed.

Keywords: Public direct investment; Crowding out; Renewable electricity technology; Innovation financing; Externality; Market creation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: G3 H23 H54 O3 Q42 Q48 Q55 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (32)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:enepol:v:140:y:2020:i:c:s0301421519307803

DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111195

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