Influence of the air gaps between cells and the case of the storage battery on its representative temperatures

G.V. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kravchenko and N.A. Pribaturin

Energy, 2024, vol. 308, issue C

Abstract: The thermal instability of modern batteries, their significant variety (Li-Ion, NiCd, LFP), the low thermal conductivity of many materials used in electrochemical systems, as well as the lack of methods for predicting the fire hazard of large-scale battery assemblies and modules lead to fires in such energy storage systems (ESS) under conditions of intensive operation. It is known that technological air gaps are required between battery cells in assemblies, as well as between the body of the battery assembly and the basic cells. Such gaps lead to a decrease in the intensity of heat removal from the basic battery cells. Until now, there has been no analysis of the effect of these gaps on the temperature of the basic cells. The purpose of the study was to theoretically analyze the influence of air gaps between the battery case and the prismatic basic cell on the thermal state of such an assembly (representative temperatures: maximum battery temperature; average battery temperature; temperature of the outer surface of the battery case). Numerical temperature analysis was performed in a two-dimensional formulation by solving a system of non-stationary heat conduction equations using the finite difference method for a typical battery during its charging. The results of numerical modeling show significant heterogeneity of the temperature field of the battery even for fairly moderate values of charge currents and voltages. It has been established that air gaps reduce the intensity of heat removal from the battery cells into the environment, which leads to an increase in the representative maximum temperature of the battery by an average of 2 °C in the typical range of changes in factors characterizing heat removal. Also, the obtained results show that it is incorrect to estimate the temperatures of the main working elements of the battery (electrodes and electrolyte) based on the temperature of the outer surface of the battery assembly housing with air gaps.

Keywords: Battery energy storage systems; Air gap; Representative temperatures; Fire prevention; Uninterrupted power supply (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:308:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224024125

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.132638

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