Pandemic meets pollution: Poor air quality increases deaths by COVID-19

Ingo E. Isphording and Nico Pestel

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2021, vol. 108, issue C

Abstract: We study the impact of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution on the spread and severity of COVID-19 in Germany. We combine data at the county-by-day level on confirmed cases and deaths with information on local air quality and weather conditions. Following Deryugina et al. (2019), we instrument short-term variation in local concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) by region-specific daily variation in wind directions. We find significant positive effects of PM10 concentration on death numbers from four days before to ten days after the onset of symptoms. Specifically, for elderly patients (80+ years) an increase in ambient PM10 concentration by one standard deviation between two and four days after developing symptoms increases the number of deaths by 19 percent of a standard deviation. In addition, higher levels air pollution raise the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 for all age groups. The timing of effects surrounding the onset of illness suggests that air pollution affects the severity of already-realized infections. We discuss the implications of our results for immediate policy levers to reduce the exposure and level of ambient air pollution, as well as for cost-benefit considerations of policies aiming at sustainable longer-term reductions of pollution levels.

Keywords: COVID-19; Health; Air pollution; Germany (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I12 I18 Q53 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (25)

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Related works:
Working Paper: Pandemic Meets Pollution: Poor Air Quality Increases Deaths by COVID-19 (2021)
Working Paper: Pandemic Meets Pollution: Poor Air Quality Increases Deaths by Covid-19 (2020)
Working Paper: Pandemic Meets Pollution: Poor Air Quality Increases Deaths by COVID-19 (2020)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:jeeman:v:108:y:2021:i:c:s0095069621000310

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102448

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