Early retirement of employees in demanding jobs: Evidence from a German pension reform

Thomas Zwick, Mona Bruns, Johannes Geyer and Svenja Lorenz

The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2022, vol. 22, issue C

Abstract: Early retirement options are usually targeted at employees at risk of not reaching their regular retirement age in employment. An important at-risk group comprises older employees who have worked in demanding jobs for many years. This group may be particularly negatively affected by the abolition of early retirement options. To measure differences in labor market reactions of employees in low- and high-demand jobs, we exploit the quasi-natural experiment of a cohort-specific pension reform that increased the early retirement age for women from 60 to 63 years. Based on a large administrative dataset, we use a regression-discontinuity approach to estimate the labor market reactions. Surprisingly, we find the same relative employment increase of about 25% for treated women who were exposed to low and to high job demand. For older women in demanding jobs, we also do not find substitution effects into unemployment, partial retirement, disability pension, or inactivity. Eligibility for the abolished early retirement option required high labor market attachment. Thus, we argue that this eligibility rule induced a positive selection of healthy workers into early retirement. We propose alternative policies that protect workers exposed to high job demand better against the negative consequences of being unable to reach their statutory retirement age in employment.

Keywords: Pension reform; Job demand; Early retirement; Quasi-experimental variation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: H31 J14 J18 J22 J26 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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Working Paper: Early Retirement of Employees in Demanding Jobs: Evidence from a German Pension Reform (2021)
Working Paper: Early retirement of employees in demanding jobs: Evidence from a German pension reform (2021)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:joecag:v:22:y:2022:i:c:s2212828x22000202

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2022.100387

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