Mining the in-use stock of energy-transition materials for closed-loop e-mobility

Viktoria Schuster, Luca Ciacci and Fabrizio Passarini

Resources Policy, 2023, vol. 86, issue PB

Abstract: The decarbonization of transportation is essential to achieve a carbon neutral planetary society. However, the turn to electromobility is based on advanced technologies (e.g., lithium-ions batteries) that tied our development to many functional materials with problematic supply. In this study, we apply prospective dynamic material flow analysis to explore the potentials for closing material cycles while meeting a full transition to electric for a set of energy-transition materials (ETMs) including lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and natural graphite. Three demand scenarios are applied to develop trajectories for ETM demand, their in-use stock, and derive the potentials to which recycling can substitute for virgin material extraction at the global scale to 2065.

Keywords: Critical raw materials; Lithium; Cobalt; Electric vehicles; In-use stock; Prospective MFA (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:jrpoli:v:86:y:2023:i:pb:s0301420723008668

DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104155

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