Valorization of walnut shell ash as a catalyst for biodiesel production
Marija R. Miladinović,
Miodrag V. Zdujić,
Djordje N. Veljović,
Jugoslav B. Krstić,
Ivana B. Banković-Ilić,
Vlada B. Veljković and
Olivera S. Stamenković
Renewable Energy, 2020, vol. 147, issue P1, 1033-1043
Abstract:
The catalytic activity of the walnut shell ash was investigated in the biodiesel production by the sunflower oil methanolysis. The catalyst was characterized by the TG-DTA, XRD, Hg porosimetry, N2 physisorption, SEM, and Hammett method. In addition, the effects of the catalyst loading and the methanol-to-oil molar ratio on the methyl esters synthesis were tested at the reaction temperature of 60 °C. The walnut shell ash provided a very fast reaction and a high FAME content (over 98%). As the reaction occurred in the absence of triacylglycerols mass transfer limitation, the pseudo-first-order model was employed for describing the kinetics of the reaction. The catalyst was successfully reused four times after the regeneration of the catalytic activity by recalcination at 800 °C.
Keywords: Ash; Biodiesel; Kinetics; Methanolysis; Sunflower oil; Walnut shell (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:147:y:2020:i:p1:p:1033-1043
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.056
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