Synthesis of di-trimethylolpropane tetraester-based biolubricant from Elaeis guineensis kernel oil via homogeneous acid-catalyzed transesterification

Murad Bahadi, Jumat Salimon and Darfizzi Derawi

Renewable Energy, 2021, vol. 171, issue C, 981-993

Abstract: Bio-based lubricant is crucial to be developed considering the toxicity risk, climate change, energy security, and green-environmental approach. This work presents a conversion of crude palm kernel seed oil to produce biolubricant product, CPKO-di-TMPTE via homogeneous acid-catalyzed transesterification reaction between crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) and di-trimethylolpropane (di-TMP). The optimization reaction process was performed using response surface methodology by D-optimal design based on four reaction parameters; the ratio of reactants, reaction time, reaction temperature, and catalyst loading. The optimum yield was about 79% with 91% selectivity of tetraester. The chemical structure of the biolubricant was characterized using infrared (FTIR), proton (1H-) and carbon (13C-) nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopy analysis techniques. Biolubricant product recorded its kinematic viscosity (40 °C and 100 °C) of 111.6 cSt and 18.1 cSt, a viscosity index of 140.1, pour point of - 6 °C, flashpoint > 365 °C, and oxidative stability of 200 °C. The product is classified as ISO VG 100 lubricant grade suitable for a food-grade hydraulic fluid.

Keywords: Biolubricant; Transesterification; di-trimethylolpropane; Palm oil; Acid-catalyzed (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:171:y:2021:i:c:p:981-993

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.02.163

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