Manganese glycerolate catalyzed simultaneous esterification and transesterification: The kinetic and mechanistic study, and application in biodiesel and bio-lubricants synthesis

Pak-Chung Lau, Tsz-Lung Kwong and Ka-Fu Yung

Renewable Energy, 2022, vol. 189, issue C, 549-558

Abstract: Several characterizations (BET, BJH, XPS, and elemental analysis) were employed further to examine the manganese glycerolate. The elemental analysis proved that the ratio of manganese-to-glycerol is 3:4. The MnGly catalyst is formed as a mixed-valence compound in an Mn2+ to Mn3+ ratio of 1:2 that aligned the results of the surface ratio of Mn2+ to Mn3+ from XPS analysis. This compound provides a total of eight positive charges to compensate for the eight negative charges generated from the hydroxyl group (-OH) in four glycerol ligands. The activation energy (112.7 kJ mol−1) suggests that the reaction undergoes surface-mediated catalysis. The XPS analysis and kinetic study prove the co-existence of divalent and trivalent manganese in MnGly catalyst, demonstrating a flexible coordination geometry between tetrahedral and octahedral. It facilitates the coordination of two methanol to Mn2+ center with an octahedral geometry as the first step of the mechanism for biodiesel synthesis. The yield could achieve more than 99% in 1.5 h under the optimized reaction conditions. The ANOVA revealed that reaction temperature is the most significant factor affecting the production of FAME, with a contribution of 82.84%. This catalytic system also demonstrated high compatibility with higher alcohols for exploring bio-lubricants.

Keywords: Kinetic study; Mechanistic study; Biodiesel; Bio-lubricants; Manganese glycerolate; Simultaneous esterification and transesterification (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:189:y:2022:i:c:p:549-558

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.02.127

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