The energy-food-water nexus: Water footprint of Henan-Hubei-Hunan in China

Shibao Lu, Xiaoling Zhang, Huarong Peng, Martin Skitmore, Xiao Bai and Zhihong Zheng

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021, vol. 135, issue C

Abstract: Energy security, food security, and water security have become the three most prominent problems in human survival and sustainable development. The three are interrelated and directly affect each other; that is, there exists a nexus between, energy, food, and water (EFW). A scientific understanding and correct response to this is important for achieving the sustainable development of natural resources. This study uses quantitative analysis to estimate the Central China region's energy-food production water footprint (WF) and virtual trade water flow from 2001 to 2016. It proposes a Modified Water Stress Index (MWSI) associated with virtual water outflows and evaluates the pressure exerted by virtual water flowing out, along with the effect of trade on local water resources systems. The results indicate that the energy and food production WF and virtual trade water flow are on the rise, causing water stress in local and export areas. Based on the adjustment of industrial structure, optimization of production technology, and rational regionalization of ecological divisions, the paper makes comprehensive policy recommendations to ensure the region's sustainable development of water resources for the future.

Keywords: Virtual water footprint; Energy-food-water; Virtual water flow; Energy and food security; Water resource stress (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120307048
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:rensus:v:135:y:2021:i:c:s1364032120307048

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/bibliographic
http://www.elsevier. ... 600126/bibliographic

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110417

Access Statistics for this article

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews is currently edited by L. Kazmerski

More articles in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().