Analytical review on common and state-of-the-art FR strategies for VSC-MTDC integrated offshore wind power plants

Asif Khan, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Ali Raza and Alex Stojcevski

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021, vol. 148, issue C

Abstract: With the unprecedented growth in recent voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) integrated offshore wind power plants, frequency regulation of onshore systems and their stability has been crucial. Offshore wind farms cannot directly provide frequency support to the onshore AC grid as back-to-back converters in variable speed wind turbines and HVDC grid decouple the two ending terminals. It prevents the kinetic and electrostatic energy from mitigating the frequency transients in the onshore AC grid. Low inertia contributes to an increase in the rate of change of frequency with a further decrease in frequency nadir that undermines the onshore AC system's reliability. However, variable speed wind turbines and voltage source converter stations with appropriate control strategies can efficiently participate in the onshore AC grid's frequency regulation. This paper provides an in-depth review of the frequency support strategies for offshore wind power plants and the voltage source converter stations in a multi-terminal HVDC system, including a comparison of the related approaches and the potential gaps present in the existing literature. This paper also provides guidelines and serves as a reference for researchers focused on the frequency support strategies for such an integrated system.

Keywords: Multi-terminal HVDC; Rate of change of frequency; Variable speed wind turbines; Second frequency drop; Frequency support; Inertial response; Frequency nadir (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111106

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