Boron in geothermal energy: Sources, environmental impacts, and management in geothermal fluid

A. Mott, A. Baba, M. Hadi Mosleh, H.E. Ökten, M. Babaei, A.Y. Gören, C. Feng, Y.K. Recepoğlu, T. Uzelli, H. Uytun, D. Morata, A. Yüksel and M. Sedighi

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2022, vol. 167, issue C

Abstract: The problem of hazardous chemicals in geothermal fluid is a critical environmental concern in geothermal energy developments. Boron is among the hazardous contaminants reported to be present at high concentrations in geothermal fluids in various countries. Poor management and inadequate treatment of geothermal fluids can release excessive boron to the environment that has toxic effects on plants, humans, and animals. Despite the importance of boron management in geothermal fluid, limited and fragmented resources exist that provide a comprehensive understanding of its sources, transport and fate, and the treatment strategies in geothermal energy context. This paper presents the first critical review from a systematic and comprehensive review on different aspects of boron in geothermal fluid including its generation, sources, toxicity, ranges and the management approaches and treatment technologies.

Keywords: Geothermal energy; Geothermal water; Renewable energy; Boron; Water treatment; Outflow water; Pollution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112825

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