EconPapers    
Economics at your fingertips  
 

Review of frequency regulation requirements for wind power plants in international grid codes

Le Li, Donghai Zhu, Xudong Zou, Jiabing Hu, Yong Kang and Josep M. Guerrero

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2023, vol. 187, issue C

Abstract: The system inertia is gradually decreasing and frequency security issues are becoming more prominent with the increasing penetration of wind power. To ensure the safety and stability of power system, many countries have updated their grid codes to reinforce the frequency regulation requirements (FRRs) for wind power plants (WPPs). However, most review articles on grid codes cover all grid-integration metrics, while the review of FRRs is inadequate and incomplete; moreover, it shall be updated to accommodate the state-of-the-art grid codes. To cope with it, this study presents a comprehensive review of FRRs for WPPs in modern grid codes, covering 12 representative countries or organizations such as those with the highest development level, the fastest development speed, and the largest installations in wind power. The FRRs in their grid codes for wind power integration are compared and analyzed from three aspects: frequency operating range, primary frequency response and inertia response. Based on the comparative analysis, combined with relevant policy documents, some future trends related to FRRs are concluded. Furthermore, electricity generation sources in each country are analyzed to enrich the understanding of the reasons behind the differences in FRRs. The review helps the transmission system operator to compare and analyze international grid codes and optimize their own grid codes. Moreover, it enables wind turbine manufacturers to master the latest grid codes and grasp the future trends, and helps research focus on practical needs and solve the pain points of wind power development.

Keywords: Wind power plants; Grid codes; Frequency regulation requirements; Frequency operating range; Primary frequency response; Inertia response (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032123005889
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:rensus:v:187:y:2023:i:c:s1364032123005889

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/bibliographic
http://www.elsevier. ... 600126/bibliographic

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113731

Access Statistics for this article

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews is currently edited by L. Kazmerski

More articles in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu (repec@elsevier.com).

 
Page updated 2024-12-28
Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:187:y:2023:i:c:s1364032123005889