Waiting time and headway modeling considering unreliability in transit service

Mohammad Ansari Esfeh, Saeid Saidi, S.C. Wirasinghe and Lina Kattan

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2022, vol. 155, issue C, 219-233

Abstract: Waiting cost is usually considered as the highest cost imposed to passengers in transit systems. Efficient planning and operations of transit systems require accurate estimation of passengers’ waiting time. While the assumption of half the headway, as the mean waiting time experienced by transit users, has been extensively used in waiting time cost estimation, it is not always a realistic assumption considering heterogeneous passengers, service irregularities, and different types of transit services. In addition, many transit studies considered the waiting times of passengers only at the origin, while waiting times can also be incurred at transfer points and the destination, the latter for passengers with fixed arrival time at their destination. In this paper, we developed new mean waiting time formulations for different transit systems, including feeder-trunk service, Dial-a-Ride service, and single route with unreliable service. All possible combinations of types of passenger (planning and non-planning, with fixed and flexible arrival time at destination) and service types (schedule-based/frequency-based and high-frequency/low-frequency) are considered to capture the underlying dynamics of transit systems. The developed approach in this paper could be utilised in transit studies to better model these underlying dynamics and to achieve better designs and more efficient operations.

Keywords: Waiting time; Headway modeling; Transit system; Optimum frequency; Service irregularity; Service reliability; Demand-responsive service (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2021.11.015

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