The Rise of US Earnings Inequality: Does the Cycle Drive the Trend?

Jonathan Heathcote, Fabrizio Perri and Giovanni L. Violante

No 604, Staff Report from Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis

Abstract: We document that declining hours worked are the primary driver of widening inequality in the bottom half of the male labor earnings distribution in the United States over the past 52 years. This decline in hours is heavily concentrated in recessions: hours and earnings at the bottom fall sharply in recessions and do not fully recover in subsequent expansions. Motivated by this evidence, we build a structural model to explore the possibility that recessions cause persistent increases in inequality; that is, that the cycle drives the trend. The model features skill-biased technical change, which implies a trend decline in low-skill wages relative to the value of non-market activities. With this adverse trend in the background, recessions imply a potential double-whammy for low skilled men. This group is disproportionately likely to experience unemployment, which further reduces skills and potential earnings via a scarring effect. As unemployed low skilled men give up job search, recessions generate surges in non-participation. Because non-participation is highly persistent, earnings inequality remains elevated long after the recession ends.

Keywords: Earnings losses upon displacement; Inequality; Non-participation; Recession; Skill-biased technical change; Zero earnings (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E24 E32 J24 J64 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 46
Date: 2020-06-04
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dge, nep-lma and nep-mac
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (19)

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Related works:
Journal Article: The Rise of US Earnings Inequality: Does the Cycle Drive the Trend? (2020)
Working Paper: The Rise of US Earnings Inequality: Does the Cycle Drive the Trend? (2020)
Working Paper: The Rise of US Earnings Inequality: Does the Cycle Drive the Trend? (2020)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:fip:fedmsr:88109

DOI: 10.21034/sr.604

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