Unveiling Inter-Market Reactions to Different Asset Classes/Commodities Pre- and Post-COVID-19: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

Siddhartha S. Bannerjee, Rekha Pillai, Mosab I. Tabash () and Mujeeb Saif Mohsen Al-Absy
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Siddhartha S. Bannerjee: Department of International Finance, Poznan University of Economics and Business, 61-875 Poznan, Poland
Rekha Pillai: Faculty of Business and Law, British University in Dubai, Dubai P.O. Box 345015, United Arab Emirates
Mosab I. Tabash: Department of Business Administration, College of Business, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
Mujeeb Saif Mohsen Al-Absy: Accounting and Financial Science Department, College of Administrative and Financial Science, Gulf University, Sanad 26489, Bahrain

Economies, 2025, vol. 13, issue 3, 1-24

Abstract: Comprehending intermarket relationships among asset classes/commodities and the changing dynamics among the gold, bitcoin, and oil markets under high or low-volatility indexes is now imperative for investors. This paper presents a qualitative study to elicit expert views on the relationships between two major commodities (gold and oil) and bitcoin, specifically emphasizing the pre- and post-COVID-19 era. The thematic analysis of 30 finance experts revealed gold as a safe haven and portfolio diversifier; however, it has lost importance as an inflation hedge post-COVID-19 (2020–2022). Moreover, findings indicated that bitcoin was not a substitute for gold and that there was a positive correlation between gold and oil and the gold volatility index (VIX). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the oil VIX and the bitcoin VIX, with no correlation between the gold–bitcoin or oil–bitcoin nexus. These findings are pertinent for investors and scholars in the context of portfolio allocation/portfolio design that comprise these vital asset classes/commodities.

Keywords: intermarket relationships; asset classes; portfolio; pre- and post-COVID-19 era (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E F I J O Q (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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