The Triple Threat to Our Environment: Economic, Non-Economic, and Demographic Factors Driving Ecological Footprint in Nuclear-Power Countries

Hamza Akram, Tuba Rasheed and Md Billal Hossain ()
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Hamza Akram: School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
Tuba Rasheed: Department of Economics and Commerce, Superior University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Md Billal Hossain: Sustainability Competence Centre, Széchenyi Istvàn University, 9026 Győr, Hungary

Economies, 2025, vol. 13, issue 4, 1-18

Abstract: This study examines how economic growth, travel, global connection, and changes in population impact the environmental footprint in seven countries, including Russia, the US, China, France, the UK, Pakistan, and India, from 1995 to 2023. The results show a significant link between Granger’s environmental impact and some economic, non-economic, and population factors in these countries. According to the study, environmental impacts result primarily from economic expansion and tourism revenue generation. The essential activities in economic development frequently result in significant ecological deficits through natural resource depletion, land alterations, and environmental releases. Business enlargement and tourism income commonly bring about deforestation while causing both pollution and habitat damage, thus showing why sustainable practices must exist to protect nature during economic development. We also have to consider factors other than economics, such as total income from natural resources and using nuclear power early. Additionally, how many people live in a particular area and the number of children born contribute to these footprints. Also, this study shows how economic, non-economic and demographic issues can indicate what harm the environment might face later. This is especially important in countries that use nuclear energy extensively. The report suggests different ways to solve this problem. These include advocating for sustainable tourism practices, directing research efforts towards nuclear energy, supporting renewable energy initiatives, promoting family planning and education, and raising public awareness. The aim is to reduce the environmental harm caused by nuclear energy and promote a more sustainable future.

Keywords: ecological footprint; Dumitrescu–Hurlin Granger causality test; economic factors; non-economic factors; demographic factors; nuclear energy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E F I J O Q (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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