Minimization of Load Variance in Power Grids—Investigation on Optimal Vehicle-to-Grid Scheduling

Kang Miao Tan, Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy, Jia Ying Yong, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Lucian Mihet-Popa and Frede Blaabjerg
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Kang Miao Tan: Power Quality Research Group, Institute of Power Engineering, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy: Power Quality Research Group, Institute of Power Engineering, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
Jia Ying Yong: Power Quality Research Group, Institute of Power Engineering, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Johannesburg, 2006 Auckland Park, South Africa
Lucian Mihet-Popa: Faculty of Engineering, Østfold University College, Kobberslagerstredet 5, 1671 Kråkeroy-Fredrikstad, Norway
Frede Blaabjerg: Centre for Reliable Power Electronics (CORPE), Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark

Energies, 2017, vol. 10, issue 11, 1-21

Abstract: The introduction of electric vehicles into the transportation sector helps reduce global warming and carbon emissions. The interaction between electric vehicles and the power grid has spurred the emergence of a smart grid technology, denoted as vehicle-to grid-technology. Vehicle-to-grid technology manages the energy exchange between a large fleet of electric vehicles and the power grid to accomplish shared advantages for the vehicle owners and the power utility. This paper presents an optimal scheduling of vehicle-to-grid using the genetic algorithm to minimize the power grid load variance. This is achieved by allowing electric vehicles charging (grid-to-vehicle) whenever the actual power grid loading is lower than the target loading, while conducting electric vehicle discharging (vehicle-to-grid) whenever the actual power grid loading is higher than the target loading. The vehicle-to-grid optimization algorithm is implemented and tested in MATLAB software (R2013a, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA). The performance of the optimization algorithm depends heavily on the setting of the target load, power grid load and capability of the grid-connected electric vehicles. Hence, the performance of the proposed algorithm under various target load and electric vehicles’ state of charge selections were analysed. The effectiveness of the vehicle-to-grid scheduling to implement the appropriate peak load shaving and load levelling services for the grid load variance minimization is verified under various simulation investigations. This research proposal also recommends an appropriate setting for the power utility in terms of the selection of the target load based on the electric vehicle historical data.

Keywords: electric vehicles; energy management; load variance; optimal scheduling; optimization; vehicle-to-grid (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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