Towards Flexibility Trading at TSO-DSO-Customer Levels: A Review

Hosna Khajeh, Hannu Laaksonen, Amin Shokri Gazafroudi and Miadreza Shafie-khah
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Hosna Khajeh: School of Innovations and Technology, Electrical Engineering, University of Vaasa, 65200 Vaasa, Finland
Hannu Laaksonen: School of Innovations and Technology, Electrical Engineering, University of Vaasa, 65200 Vaasa, Finland
Amin Shokri Gazafroudi: Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Miadreza Shafie-khah: School of Innovations and Technology, Electrical Engineering, University of Vaasa, 65200 Vaasa, Finland

Energies, 2019, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: The serious problem of climate change has led the energy sector to modify its generation resources from fuel-based power plants to environmentally friendly renewable resources. However, these green resources are highly intermittent due to weather dependency and they produce increased risks of stability issues in power systems. The deployment of different flexible resources can help the system to become more resilient and secure against uncertainties caused by renewables. Flexible resources can be located at different levels in power systems like, for example, at the transmission-level (TSO), distribution-level (DSO) and customer-level. Each of these levels may have different structures of flexibility trading as well. This paper conducts a comprehensive review from the recent research related to flexible resources at various system levels in smart grids and assesses the trading structures of these resources. Finally, it analyzes the application of a newly emerged ICT technology, blockchain, in the context of flexibility trading.

Keywords: flexibility; flexibility trading; flexible resources; blockchain technology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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