Inspection of PN, CO 2, and Regulated Gaseous Emissions Characteristics from a GDI Vehicle under Various Real-World Vehicle Test Modes

Kangjin Kim, Wonyong Chung, Myungsoo Kim, Charyung Kim, Cha-Lee Myung and Simsoo Park
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Kangjin Kim: School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
Wonyong Chung: School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
Myungsoo Kim: Korea Automobile Testing and Research Institute, 200 Samjon-ro, Songsan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18247, Korea
Charyung Kim: School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
Cha-Lee Myung: School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
Simsoo Park: School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 10, 1-17

Abstract: Although the chassis dynamometer type approval test considers real-world conditions, there are a few limitations to the experimental test environment that may affect gaseous or particulate emissions such as road conditions, traffic, decreasing tire pressure, or fluctuating ambient temperature. Furthermore, the real driving emission (RDE) test takes a long time, and it is too long to repeat under different experimental conditions. The National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) test modes that reflect the driving pattern of Korea are not certification test modes, but can be used to evaluate the influence of traffic conditions because these modes consist of a total of 15 test modes that vary according to average speed. The use of the NIER #03, #09, and #13 modes as low-, medium-, and high-speed modes allow for gaseous and particulate emissions to be measured and analyzed. Additionally, the worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicle test procedure (WLTP), the certification mode of Europe, is used to test cycles to investigate the difference under cold- and hot-engine start conditions. The engine operating parameters are also measured to evaluate the relationships between the various test conditions and test cycles. The regulated and greenhouse gas levels decrease under various driving conditions, but the particle number (PN) emission level shows a different trend with gaseous emissions. While the PN and CO 2 results dramatically increase when the air conditioner is on, tire pressure conditions show different PN size distributions: a large-sized PN fraction, which contains particles larger than 100 nm, increases and a sub-23 nm-sized PN fraction decreases. Under cold-start conditions in the WLTP modes, there are much higher PN emissions than that of an engine under hot-start conditions, and the sub-23-nm-sized PN fraction also increases.

Keywords: particle number (PN); carbon dioxide (CO 2 ); GDI; driving conditions; EEPS; NIER testing mode (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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