A GIS-Based Planning Approach for Urban Power and Natural Gas Distribution Grids with Different Heat Pump Scenarios

Jolando M. Kisse, Martin Braun, Simon Letzgus and Tanja M. Kneiske
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Jolando M. Kisse: Department of Energy Management and Power System Operation, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 73, 34121 Kassel, Germany
Martin Braun: Department of Energy Management and Power System Operation, University of Kassel, Wilhelmshöher Allee 73, 34121 Kassel, Germany
Simon Letzgus: Department of Energy Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
Tanja M. Kneiske: Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE, Department of Grid Planning and Operation, Königstor 59, 34119 Kassel, Germany

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 16, 1-31

Abstract: Next to building insulation, heat pumps driven by electrical compressors (eHPs) or by gas engines (geHPs) can be used to reduce primary energy demand for heating. They come with different investment requirements, operating costs and emissions caused. In addition, they affect both the power and gas grids, which necessitates the assessment of both infrastructures regarding grid expansion planning. To calculate costs and CO 2 emissions, 2000 electrical load profiles and 180 different heat demand profiles for single-family homes were simulated and heat pump models were applied. In a case study for a neighborhood energy model, the load profiles were assigned to buildings in an example town using public data on locations, building age and energetic refurbishment variants. In addition, the town’s gas distribution network and low voltage grid were modeled. Power and gas flows were simulated and costs for required grid extensions were calculated for 11% and 16% heat pump penetration. It was found that eHPs have the highest energy costs but will also have the lowest CO 2 emissions by 2030 and 2050. For the investigated case, power grid investments of 11,800 euros/year are relatively low compared to gas grid connection costs of 70,400 euros/year. If eHPs and geHPs are combined, a slight reduction of overall costs is possible, but emissions would rise strongly compared to the all-electric case.

Keywords: heat pumps; power grid; gas distribution; grid expansion planning; load-profiles (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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