Emulsifier-Free Water-in-Biodiesel Emulsion Fuel via Steam Emulsification: Its Physical Properties, Combustion Performance, and Exhaust Emission

Dhani Avianto Sugeng, Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin, Wira Jazair Yahya and Hasannuddin Abd Kadir
Additional contact information
Dhani Avianto Sugeng: Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT), DKI Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin: Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
Wira Jazair Yahya: Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
Hasannuddin Abd Kadir: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Johor, Campus Pasir Gudang, Masai Johor 81750, Malaysia

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 20, 1-20

Abstract: The focus of this work is to investigate the effect of emulsifier-free emulsion fuel via steam emulsification (SD) to the diesel engine through physical properties, combustion performance, and exhaust analysis, and compare with conventional emulsion fuel with water percentages of 5% and 10% (E5 and E10) and biodiesel blend (B5). The SD was prepared using a custom 200 mL glass mixing column. The B5 fuel quantitatively was filled in the column, and then the steam was injected from the bottom of the mixing column through the porous frit glass with the pores ranging from 40 to 100 µm. The average water droplet size of SD is 0.375 µm with the average water percentage of 6.18%. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of SD improved 4.19% and 3.92%, respectively, as compared to B5. The in-cylinder pressure (ICP) was lower than B5, however, yielding close to the B5 at 4 kW engine load. As for the exhaust emission test, NO x and PM for SD were reduced significantly with a percentage reduction of 25.22% and 10.68%, respectively, as compared to neat B5. The steam emulsification method offers a huge potential to be explored further as the concept offers the alternative method of making emulsion fuel without the use of conventional mechanical mixers.

Keywords: steam condensation; diesel engine; exhaust gas emission; water-in-biodiesel emulsion fuel; combustion characteristic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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