A Novel Ground-Source Heat Pump with R744 and R1234ze as Refrigerants

Giuseppe Emmi, Sara Bordignon, Laura Carnieletto, Michele De Carli, Fabio Poletto, Andrea Tarabotti, Davide Poletto, Antonio Galgaro, Giulia Mezzasalma and Adriana Bernardi
Additional contact information
Giuseppe Emmi: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Sara Bordignon: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Laura Carnieletto: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Michele De Carli: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Fabio Poletto: HiRef S.p.A., 35020 Tribano, Padova, Italy
Andrea Tarabotti: HiRef S.p.A., 35020 Tribano, Padova, Italy
Davide Poletto: UNESCO Regional Bureau for Science and Culture in Europe-Science Unit (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), 30122 Venice, Italy
Antonio Galgaro: Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Giulia Mezzasalma: R.E.D. Srl (Research and Environmental Devices), 35129 Padova, Italy
Adriana Bernardi: National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, 35127 Padova, Italy

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 21, 1-18

Abstract: The energy-saving potential of heat pump technology is widely recognized in the building sector. In retrofit applications, especially in old and historic buildings, it may be difficult to replace the existing distribution and high-temperature emission systems. Often, historical buildings, especially the listed ones, cannot be thermally insulated; this leads to high temperatures of the heat carrier fluid for heating. In these cases, the main limits are related, on the one hand, to the reaching of the required temperatures, and on the other hand, to the obtaining of good performance even at high temperatures. To address these problems, a suitable solution can be a two-stage heat pump. In this work, a novel concept of a two-stage heat pump is proposed, based on a transcritical cycle that uses the natural fluid R744 (carbon dioxide) with an ejector system. The second refrigerant present in the heat pump and used for the high-temperature stage is the R1234ze, which is an HFO (hydrofluoro-olefin) fluid. This work aims to present the effective energy performance based on real data obtained in operating conditions in a monitoring campaign. The heat pump prototype used in this application is part of the H2020 Cheap-GSHP project, which was concluded in 2019.

Keywords: heat pump; R1234ze; CO 2; geothermal; renewable energy; historic building; energy saving (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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