Ancillary Services Market Design in Distribution Networks: Review and Identification of Barriers

Konstantinos Oureilidis, Kyriaki-Nefeli Malamaki, Konstantinos Gallos, Achilleas Tsitsimelis, Christos Dikaiakos, Spyros Gkavanoudis, Milos Cvetkovic, Juan Manuel Mauricio, Jose Maria Maza Ortega, Jose Luis Martinez Ramos, George Papaioannou and Charis Demoulias
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Konstantinos Oureilidis: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Kyriaki-Nefeli Malamaki: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Konstantinos Gallos: Independent Power Transmission Operator, 10443 Athens, Greece
Achilleas Tsitsimelis: Independent Power Transmission Operator, 10443 Athens, Greece
Christos Dikaiakos: Independent Power Transmission Operator, 10443 Athens, Greece
Spyros Gkavanoudis: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Milos Cvetkovic: Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
Juan Manuel Mauricio: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
Jose Maria Maza Ortega: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
Jose Luis Martinez Ramos: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
George Papaioannou: Independent Power Transmission Operator, 10443 Athens, Greece
Charis Demoulias: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, 1-44

Abstract: The high proliferation of converter-dominated Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (DRESs) at the distribution grid level has gradually replaced the conventional synchronous generators (SGs) of the transmission system, resulting in emerging stability and security challenges. The inherent characteristics of the SGs are currently used for providing ancillary services (ASs), following the instructions of the Transmission System Operator, while the DRESs are obliged to offer specific system support functions, without being remunerated for these functions, but only for the energy they inject. This changing environment has prompted the integration of energy storage systems as a solution for transfusing new characteristics and elaborating their business in the electricity markets, while the smart grid infrastructure and the upcoming microgrid architectures contribute to the transformation of the distribution grid. This review investigates the existing ASs in transmission system with the respective markets (emphasizing the DRESs’ participation in these markets) and proposes new ASs at distribution grid level, with emphasis to inertial response, active power ramp rate control, frequency response, voltage regulation, fault contribution and harmonic mitigation. The market tools and mechanisms for the procurement of these ASs are presented evolving the existing role of the Operators. Finally, potential barriers in the technical, regulatory, and financial framework have been identified and analyzed.

Keywords: ancillary services; distributed generation; renewable energy resources; electricity markets; distribution grid; inertia response; primary frequency response; voltage regulation; fault contribution; harmonics mitigation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (29)

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