Plug-In Electric Bus Depot Charging with PV and ESS and Their Impact on LV Feeder

Syed Muhammad Arif, Tek Tjing Lie, Boon Chong Seet, Syed Muhammad Ahsan and Hassan Abbas Khan
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Syed Muhammad Arif: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
Tek Tjing Lie: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
Boon Chong Seet: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
Syed Muhammad Ahsan: Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
Hassan Abbas Khan: Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan

Energies, 2020, vol. 13, issue 9, 1-16

Abstract: Plug-in electric buses (PEBs) are a promising alternative to conventional buses to provide a sustainable, economical, and efficient mode of transportation. However, electrification of public transportation leads to a phenomenon of peak load that impacts the stability of low voltage (LV) feeders. In this context, the effective integration of an energy storage system (ESS) and photovoltaic (PV) in a bus depot charging ecosystem can lead to i) peak load reduction and ii) charging cost reduction with low carbon emission. Therefore, a limited PEB charge scheduling algorithm is proposed for: i) bus depot operator (BDO) profit maximization and ii) grid stability enhancement considering the constraints of PEB charging and grids. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for BDO profit maximization has been formulated and analyzed using IBM ILOG studio with CPLEX solver. Simulation has been performed for SkyBus electric fleet using real-world data such as actual bus arrival and departure schedules under diverse traffic, number of passengers, trip duration, daily load profile, solar radiation profile, and benchmark storage price. The charging impact of PEBs was tested on one of the distribution feeders in Auckland, New Zealand. The BDO generates revenue by performing energy trading among PV, ESS, PEBs, and buildings after incorporating capital investment, operation and maintenance, and depreciation costs.

Keywords: plug-in electric bus; limited/unlimited charge scheduling algorithm; bus depot operator; energy storage system; low voltage feeder (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (12)

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