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Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Central Europe

Bartosz Jóźwik, Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv, Phouphet Kyophilavong and Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki
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Bartosz Jóźwik: The Institute of Economics and Finance, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv: The Institute of Economics and Finance, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki: The Institute of Economics and Finance, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 12, 1-17

Abstract: The rapid economic growth observed in Central European countries in the last thirty years has been the result of profound political changes and economic liberalization. This growth is partly connected with reducing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. However, the problem of CO 2 emissions seems to remain unresolved. The aim of this paper is to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds true for Central European countries in an annual sample data that covers 1995–2016 in most countries. We examine cointegration by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing. This is the first study examining the relationship between CO 2 emissions and economic growth in individual Central European countries from a long-run perspective, which allows the results to be compared. We confirmed the cointegration, but our estimates confirmed the EKC hypothesis only in Poland. It should also be noted that in all nine countries, energy consumption leads to increased CO 2 emissions. The long-run elasticity ranges between 1.5 in Bulgaria and 2.0 in Croatia. We observed exceptionally low long-run elasticity in Estonia (0.49). Our findings suggest that to solve the environmental degradation problem in Central Europe, it is necessary to individualize the policies implemented in the European Union.

Keywords: environmental Kuznets curve; CO 2 emissions; environmental degradation; ARDL; time series; Central Europe (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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