Optimal Sizing of Rooftop PV and Battery Storage for Grid-Connected Houses Considering Flat and Time-of-Use Electricity Rates

Iflah Javeed, Rahmat Khezri, Amin Mahmoudi, Amirmehdi Yazdani and G. M. Shafiullah
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Iflah Javeed: STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Rahmat Khezri: College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
Amin Mahmoudi: College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
Amirmehdi Yazdani: College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
G. M. Shafiullah: College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 12, 1-19

Abstract: This paper investigates a comparative study for practical optimal sizing of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) for grid-connected houses (GCHs) by considering flat and time-of-use (TOU) electricity rate options. Two system configurations, PV only and PV-BESS, were optimally sized by minimizing the net present cost of electricity for four options of electricity rates. A practical model was developed by considering grid constraints, daily supply of charge of electricity, salvation value and degradation of PV and BESS, actual annual data of load and solar, and current market price of components. A rule-based energy management system was examined for GCHs to control the power flow among PV, BESS, load, and grid. Various sensitivity analyses are presented to examine the impacts of grid constraint and electricity rates on the cost of electricity and the sizes of the components. Although the capacity optimization model is generally developed for any case study, a grid-connected house in Australia is considered as the case system in this paper. It is found that the TOU-Flat option for the PV-BESS configuration achieved the lowest NPC compared to other configuration and options. The optimal capacities of rooftop PV and BESS were obtained as 9 kW and 6 kWh, respectively, for the PV-BESS configuration with TOU-Flat according to two performance metrices: net present cost and cost of electricity.

Keywords: battery energy storage; cost of electricity; electricity rates; grid-connected household; optimal sizing; rooftop PV system (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

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