Influence of Graphene Nano Particles and Antioxidants with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel and Diesel Blends on Engine Performance and Emissions

Sandeep Krishnakumar, T. M. Yunus Khan, C. R. Rajashekhar, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Asif Afzal and Ashraf Elfasakhany
Additional contact information
Sandeep Krishnakumar: Mechanical Engineering Department, Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering (MITE), Moodabidre 574225, Karnataka, India
T. M. Yunus Khan: Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Asir, Saudi Arabia
C. R. Rajashekhar: Mechanical Engineering Department, Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering (MITE), Moodabidre 574225, Karnataka, India
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole 24712, Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Asif Afzal: Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Mangaluru 574153, India
Ashraf Elfasakhany: Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 14, 1-17

Abstract: The main reason for the limited usage of biodiesel is it tends to oxidize when exposed to air. It is anticipated that the addition of an antioxidant along with graphene nano particle improves combustion of diesel-biodiesel blend. In the present research biodiesel made from the transesterification of waste cooking oil is used. Three synthetic antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2(3)-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tert butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) along with 30 ppm of graphene nano particle were added at a volume fraction of 1000 ppm to diesel–biodiesel blends (B20). The performance and emission tests were performed at constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. Because of the inclusion of graphene nano particles, surface area to the volume ratio of the fuel is augmented enhancing the mixing ability and chemical responsiveness of the fuel during burning causing superior performance, combustion and emission aspects of compression ignition engine. The results revealed that there was a slight increase in brake power and brake thermal efficiency of about 0.29%, 0.585%, 0.58% and 6.22%, 3.11%, 3.31% for B20GrBHT1000, B20GrBHA1000 and B20GrTBHQ1000, respectively, compared to B20. Additionally, BSFC, HC and NO x emissions were reduced to considerable levels for the reformed fuel.

Keywords: biodiesel; nano material; antioxidants; oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

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