Cold Ageing of NMC811 Lithium-ion Batteries

Chongming Wang, Tazdin Amietszajew, Ruth Carvajal, Yue Guo, Zahoor Ahmed, Cheng Zhang, Gregory Goodlet and Rohit Bhagat
Additional contact information
Chongming Wang: Institute for Future Transport and Cities, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
Tazdin Amietszajew: Institute for Future Transport and Cities, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
Ruth Carvajal: Institute for Future Transport and Cities, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
Yue Guo: Institute for Future Transport and Cities, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
Zahoor Ahmed: Institute for Future Transport and Cities, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
Cheng Zhang: Institute for Future Transport and Cities, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
Gregory Goodlet: Johnson Matthey, Reading RG4 9NH, UK
Rohit Bhagat: Institute for Future Transport and Cities, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 16, 1-15

Abstract: In the application of electric vehicles, LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 (NMC811)-a Ni-rich cathode has the potential of replacing LiNiMnCoO 2 (NMC111) due to its high energy density. However, NMC811 features relatively poor structural and thermal stabilities, which affect its cycle life. This study aims to address the limited data availability research gap on NMC811 low-temperature degradation. We aged commercial 21700 NMC811 cells at 0 °C under 0.5 C and 1 C current rates. After 200 cycles, post-mortem visual, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, the inspections of harvested electrodes were conducted. In just 200 cold cycles, capacity drops of 25% and 49% were observed in cells aged at 1 C and 0.5 C, respectively. The fast degradation at low temperatures is largely due to lithium plating at the anode side during the charging process. The surprisingly better performance at 1 C is related to enhanced cell self-heating. After subsequent 3-month storage, the cells that experienced 200 cycles at 0 °C and 0.5 C became faulty (voltage: ? 0 V), possibly due to cell lithium dendrites and micro short circuits. This work demonstrates that NMC811 suffers from poor cold ageing performance and subsequent premature end-of-life.

Keywords: lithium-ion battery; NMC811; ageing; cold cycling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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