Energy Management Systems for Grid-Connected Houses with Solar PV and Battery by Considering Flat and Time-of-Use Electricity Rates

Xincheng Pan, Rahmat Khezri, Amin Mahmoudi, Amirmehdi Yazdani and Shafiullah Gm
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Xincheng Pan: Department STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Rahmat Khezri: College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
Amin Mahmoudi: College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
Amirmehdi Yazdani: Discipline of Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
Shafiullah Gm: Discipline of Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 16, 1-21

Abstract: This paper develops new practical rule-based energy management systems (EMSs) for typical grid-connected houses with solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery by considering different rates for purchasing and selling electricity. The EMSs are developed to supply the household’s loads and reduce operating costs of the system based on different options of flat and time-of-use (ToU) rates for buying and selling electricity prices. Four different options are evaluated and compared in this study: (1) Flat-Flat, (2) ToU-Flat, (3) Flat-ToU, and (4) ToU-ToU. The operation cost is calculated based on the electricity exchange with the main grid, the equivalent cost of PV generation, as well as the degradation cost of battery storage. The operation of the grid-connected house with rooftop solar PV and battery is evaluated for a sunny week in summer and a cloudy week in winter to investigate the proper performance for high and low generations of PV. While the developed rule-based EMS are generic and can be applied for any case studies, a grid-connected house in Australia is examined. For this purpose, real data of solar radiation, air temperature, electricity consumption, and electricity rates are used. It is found that the ToU-Flat option has the lowest operating cost for the customers.

Keywords: Australia; battery energy storage; electricity cost analysis; flat electricity rate; grid-connected household; home energy management system; rooftop solar PV; time of use tariffs (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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