Electrification of Compact Off-Highway Vehicles—Overview of the Current State of the Art and Trends

Daniele Beltrami, Paolo Iora, Laura Tribioli and Stefano Uberti
Additional contact information
Daniele Beltrami: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
Paolo Iora: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
Laura Tribioli: Department of Industrial Engineering, Università di Roma Niccolò Cusano, 00166 Roma, Italy
Stefano Uberti: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 17, 1-30

Abstract: Electrified vehicles have undergone great evolution during the last decade because of the increasing attention paid on environmental sustainability, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Emission regulations are becoming increasingly tight, and governments have been allocating multiple funds to facilitate the spreading of the so-called green mobility. In this context, steering towards electrified solutions not only for passenger vehicles, but also for compact off-highway vehicles extensively employed, for instance, on construction sites located in urban areas, warehouses, and greenhouses, is essential even if seldom considered. Moreover, the electrification of compact off-highway machinery may allow manufacturers to increase their expertise in and lower the costs of these alternative solutions, while gathering useful data to be applied in bigger and more remunerative off-highway vehicles. In fact, while electric automobiles are as of now real alternatives for buyers, off-highway vehicles, regardless of the application, are mostly in the research and experimental phase, with few of them already on the market. This delay, in comparison with the passenger automotive industry, is caused by different factors, mostly related to the different tasks of off-highway vehicles in terms of duty cycles, productivity performance parameters and user acceptability. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the many aspects of the electrification of compact off-highway vehicles, to highlight the key differences between on-highway and off-highway vehicles and to summarize in a single source of information the multiple solutions investigated by researchers and manufacturers.

Keywords: electrification; green mobility; compact off-highway vehicles; battery electric (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/17/5565/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/17/5565/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:17:p:5565-:d:629862

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().