Evaluating the Effect of Demand Response Programs (DRPs) on Robust Optimal Sizing of Islanded Microgrids

Mahdi Karami Darabi, Hamed Ganjeh Ganjehlou, Amirreza Jafari, Morteza Nazari-Heris, Gevork B. Gharehpetian and Mehrdad Abedi
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Mahdi Karami Darabi: Department of Electical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15914, Iran
Hamed Ganjeh Ganjehlou: Department of Electical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15914, Iran
Amirreza Jafari: Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666, Iran
Morteza Nazari-Heris: Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Gevork B. Gharehpetian: Department of Electical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15914, Iran
Mehrdad Abedi: Department of Electical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15914, Iran

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 18, 1-20

Abstract: A microgrid is a small-scale energy system with its own generation and storage facilities and energy management system, which includes shiftable and traditional loads. The purpose of this research is to determine the size of the microgrid through (i) investigating the effect of a shiftable demand response program (DRP) on sizing of an islanded microgrid and (ii) studying the uncertainty of power output of renewable energy sources by applying the robust optimization (RO) method. Since the RO method solves the problem for lower power outputs of renewable energy sources (RES) than the predicted values, the results obtained are pessimistic and will increase the project cost. To deal with the increment of project cost, the application of a load shifting DRP is proposed to reduce the cost. In addition, DRPs are suitable means to reduce the effects of uncertain power sources. Therefore, it is shown that a shiftable DRP is effective in reducing the overall project cost and the dependency on energy storage systems by defining different scenarios and simulating them with General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) software. Moreover, it is indicated that the shiftable DRP and battery state of charge have correlations with solar irradiance and wind speed, respectively.

Keywords: demand response; uncertainty; robust optimization; microgrid sizing; renewable energy sources (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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