Exploring the Exhaust Emission and Efficiency of Algal Biodiesel Powered Compression Ignition Engine: Application of Box–Behnken and Desirability Based Multi-Objective Response Surface Methodology

Prabhakar Sharma, Ajay Chhillar, Zafar Said and Saim Memon
Additional contact information
Prabhakar Sharma: School of Engineering Sciences, Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University, Delhi 110089, India
Ajay Chhillar: School of Engineering Sciences, Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University, Delhi 110089, India
Zafar Said: Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
Saim Memon: Solar Thermal Vacuum Engineering Research Group, London Centre for Energy Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 18, 1-22

Abstract: Sustainable Development Goals were established by the United Nations General Assembly to ensure that everyone has access to clean, affordable, and sustainable energy. Third-generation biodiesel derived from algae sources can be a feasible option in tackling climate change caused by fossil fuels as it has no impact on the human food supply chain. In this paper, the combustion and emission characteristics of Azolla Pinnata oil biodiesel-diesel blends are investigated. The multi-objective response surface methodology (MORSM) with Box–Behnken design is employed to decrease the number of trials to conserve finite resources in terms of human labor, time, and cost. MORSM was used in this study to investigate the interaction, model prediction, and optimization of the operating parameters of algae biodiesel-powered diesel engines to obtain the best performance with the least emission. For engine output prediction, a prognostic model is developed. Engine operating parameters are optimized using the desirability technique, with the best efficiency and lowest emission as the criteria. The results show Theil’s uncertainty for the model’s predictive capability (Theil’s U2) to be between 0.0449 and 0.1804. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency is validated to be excellent between 0.965 and 0.9988, whilst the mean absolute percentage deviation is less than 4.4%. The optimized engine operating conditions achieved are 81.2% of engine load, 17.5 of compression ratio, and 10% of biodiesel blending ratio. The proposed MORSM-based technique’s dependability and robustness validate the experimental methods.

Keywords: biofuel; algae; third generation biodiesel; emission; alternative fuel; modeling; optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5968/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5968/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5968-:d:639513

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().