Energy Management of Microgrids for Smart Cities: A Review

Muhammad Salman Sami, Muhammad Abrar, Rizwan Akram, Muhammad Majid Hussain, Mian Hammad Nazir, Muhammad Saad Khan and Safdar Raza
Additional contact information
Muhammad Salman Sami: Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan
Muhammad Abrar: Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan
Rizwan Akram: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Majid Hussain: Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Sciences, University of South Wales, Cardiff CF37 1DL, UK
Mian Hammad Nazir: Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Sciences, University of South Wales, Cardiff CF37 1DL, UK
Muhammad Saad Khan: Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan
Safdar Raza: Department of Electrical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology (NFC-IET), Multan 60000, Pakistan

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 18, 1-18

Abstract: Electric power reliability is one of the most important factors in the social and economic evolution of a smart city, whereas the key factors to make a city smart are smart energy sources and intelligent electricity networks. The development of cost-effective microgrids with the added functionality of energy storage and backup generation plans has resulted from the combined impact of high energy demands from consumers and environmental concerns, which push for minimizing the energy imbalance, reducing energy losses and CO 2 emissions, and improving the overall security and reliability of a power system. It is now possible to tackle the problem of growing consumer load by utilizing the recent developments in modern types of renewable energy resources (RES) and current technology. These energy alternatives do not emit greenhouse gases (GHG) like fossil fuels do, and so help to mitigate climate change. They also have in socioeconomic advantages due to long-term sustainability. Variability and intermittency are the main drawbacks of renewable energy resources (RES), which affect the consistency of electric supply. Thus, utilizing multiple optimization approaches, the energy management system determines the optimum solution for renewable energy resources (RES) and transfers it to the microgrid. Microgrids maintain the continuity of power delivery, according to the energy management system settings. In a microgrid, an energy management system (EMS) is used to decrease the system’s expenses and adverse consequences. As a result, a variety of strategies and approaches are employed in the development of an efficient energy management system. This article is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of a range of technologies and techniques, and their solutions, for managing the drawbacks of renewable energy supplies, such as variability and load fluctuations, while still matching energy demands for their integration in the microgrids of smart cities.

Keywords: microgrids; energy management; smart city; renewable energy sources; photo voltaic; energy storage; energy management system (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5976/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5976/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5976-:d:639572

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().