Case Study of Load Matching and Energy Cost for Net-Zero Energy Houses in Korea

Hee-Won Lim, Ji-Hyeon Kim, Hyeun-Seung Lee and U-Cheul Shin
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Hee-Won Lim: Department of Architectural Engineering, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
Ji-Hyeon Kim: Department of Architectural Engineering, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
Hyeun-Seung Lee: Korea Institute of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment, Seoul 05066, Korea
U-Cheul Shin: Department of Architectural Engineering, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 19, 1-11

Abstract: Over the past 20 years, net-zero energy house (NZEH) construction costs have steadily decreased because of many reasons, such as technical progress, energy-saving design obligations, and dramatic cost reductions in renewable energy systems, especially solar power systems. Currently, the costs of NZEH are estimated to be about 5% higher than similar-sized houses. These additional costs are mainly for installing PV systems, which can be offset by energy saving costs. This study assessed energy performance and load matching through remote monitoring systems, and energy costs were analyzed for two-family houses. The two houses were all-electric houses and different in both size and location. A 6 kWp grid-connected PV system and 16 kW air source heat pump for space heating and domestic hot water were equally implemented. After data analysis, 100% of the energies were supplied through the PV system for 3 years, thus achieving net-zero energy. According to the Korean residential electricity tariff system, the annual electricity charges were, on average, between USD 105.1 and USD 121.4 after adding demand charges and value-added tax for import electricity charges. The energy cost reduction rate, compared to the same house without a PV system, was about 95%, and the simple payback period of the 6 kW PV system in NZEH was about 6 years. In addition, the annual load cover factor and supply cover factor as load-match indices between electricity generation and the load were in a range of 0.39–0.49 and 0.37–0.42, respectively.

Keywords: air source heat pump (ASHP); energy cost; load cover factor; load matching; net-zero energy house; photovoltaic system (PV); supply cover factor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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