An Active Equalization Method for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Flyback Transformer and Variable Step Size Generalized Predictive Control

Jianwen Cao, Bizhong Xia and Jie Zhou
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Jianwen Cao: Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
Bizhong Xia: Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
Jie Zhou: Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-25

Abstract: The inconsistency in large-scale battery pack significantly degrades the performance of electric vehicles. In order to diminish the inconsistency, the study designs an active equalization method comprising of equalizer and equalization strategy for lithium-ion batteries. A bidirectional flyback transformer equalizer (BFTE) is designed and analyzed. The BFTE is controlled by a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller to output designated balancing currents. Under the purpose of shortening equalization time and reducing energy consumption during the equalization process, this paper proposes an equalization strategy based on variable step size generalized predictive control (VSSGPC). The VSSGPC is improved on the generalized predictive control (GPC) by introducing the Step Size Factor. The VSSGPC surmounts the local limitation of GPC by expanding the control and output horizons to the global equalization process without increasing computation owing to the Step Size Factor. The experiment results in static operating condition indicate that the equalization time and energy consumption are reduced by 8.3% and 16.5%, respectively. Further validation in CC-CV and EUDC operating conditions verifies the performance of the equalizer and rationality of the VSSGPC strategy.

Keywords: electric vehicle; battery equalization; flyback transformer; variable step size generalized predictive control; Step Size Factor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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