A Review on Drive Train Technologies for Passenger Electric Vehicles

Muhammad Rizalul Wahid, Bentang Arief Budiman, Endra Joelianto and Muhammad Aziz
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Muhammad Rizalul Wahid: Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Bentang Arief Budiman: National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Endra Joelianto: Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Muhammad Aziz: Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 20, 1-24

Abstract: Transportation is the second-largest sector contributing to greenhouse gas emissions due to CO 2 gas generation from the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are believed to be a great solution to overcome this issue. EVs can reduce CO 2 emissions because the vehicles use an electric motor as a propeller instead of an internal combustion engine. Combined with sustainable energy resources, EVs may become zero-emission transportation. This paper presents an overview of the EV drive train types, including their architecture with the benefits and drawbacks of each type. The aim is to summarize the recent progress of EV technology that always continues to be updated. Furthermore, a comparative investigation on energy density and efficiency, specific energy and power, cost, and application is carried out for batteries as the main energy storage. This discussion provides an understanding of the current development of battery technology, especially the batteries used in EVs. Moreover, the electric motor efficiency, power density, fault tolerance, reliability, and cost are also presented, including the most effective electric motor to use in EVs. The challenges and opportunities of EV deployment in the future are then discussed comprehensively. The government regulation for EVs is still a major non-technical challenge, whereas the charging time and battery performance are the challenges for the technical aspect.

Keywords: electric vehicles; technology; powertrain; passenger car (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (15)

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