Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

Florentina Maxim, Iuliana Poenaru, Elena Ecaterina Toma, Giuseppe Stefan Stoian, Florina Teodorescu, Cristian Hornoiu and Speranta Tanasescu
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Florentina Maxim: Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
Iuliana Poenaru: Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
Elena Ecaterina Toma: Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
Giuseppe Stefan Stoian: Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
Florina Teodorescu: Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
Cristian Hornoiu: Laboratory of Chemical Kinetics, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
Speranta Tanasescu: Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 21, 1-23

Abstract: In response to increasing energy demand, various types of organic wastes, including industrial and municipal wastewaters, or biomass wastes, are considered reliable energy sources. Wastes are now treated in supercritical water (SCW) for non-fossil fuel production and energy recovery. Considering that SCW technologies are green and energetically effective, to implement them on a large scale is a worldwide interest. However, issues related to the stability and functionality of materials used in the harsh conditions of SCW reactors still need to be addressed. Here we present an overview on materials used in the SCW technologies for energy harvesting from wastes. There are catalysts based on metals or metal oxides, and we discuss on these materials’ efficiency and selectivity in SCW conditions. We focus on processes relevant to the waste-to-energy field, such as supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). We discuss the results reported, mainly in the last decades in connection to the current concept of supercritical pseudo-boiling (PB), a phenomenon occurring at the phase change from liquid-like (LL) to gas-like (GL) state of a fluid. This review aims to be a useful database that provides guidelines for the selection of the abovementioned functional materials (catalysts, catalyst supports, and sorbents) for the SCW process, starting from wastes and ending with energy-relevant products.

Keywords: supercritical water; waste treatment; supercritical water gasification; supercritical water oxidation; metal catalysts; metal oxides catalysts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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