Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Microgrid in a Remote Island Considering Advanced Direct Load Control for Demand Response and Low Carbon Emission

Homeyra Akter, Harun Or Rashid Howlader, Ahmed Y. Saber, Paras Mandal, Hiroshi Takahashi and Tomonobu Senjyu
Additional contact information
Homeyra Akter: Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan
Harun Or Rashid Howlader: Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan
Ahmed Y. Saber: ETAP R&D, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
Paras Mandal: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
Hiroshi Takahashi: Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
Tomonobu Senjyu: Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 22, 1-19

Abstract: Optimal sizing of the power system can drastically reduce the total cost, which is challenging due to the fluctuation in output power of RE (primarily wind and solar) and pollution from thermal generators. The main purpose of this study is to cope with this output power uncertainty of renewables by considering ADLC, residential PV, and BESS at the lowest cost and with the least amount of carbon emission, while putting less burden on consumers by minimizing the IL. This paper optimizes the cost and carbon emission function of a hybrid energy system comprising PV, WG, BESS, and DG at Aguni Island, Japan, using a multi-objective optimization model. To solve the proposed problem in the presence of ADLC, the ? -constraint method and MILP are utilized. After obtaining all possible solutions, the FSM selects the best possible solution among all solutions. The result shows that while case 1 has a lower energy cost than the other cases, the quantity of IL is quite significant, putting customers in a burden. In case 2 and case 3, the total energy cost is 11.23% and 10% higher than case 1, respectively, but the sum of the IL is 99% and 95.96% lower than case 1 as the ADLC is applied only for the consumers who have residential PV and BESS, which can reflect the importance of residential PV and BESS. The total cost of case 3 is 1.72% lower than case 2, but IL is higher because sometimes home PV power will be used to charge the home BESS.

Keywords: advanced direct load control; clustering; hybrid energy system; multi-objective optimization; residential PV and BESS (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7599/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7599/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:22:p:7599-:d:678660

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().