CFD Study on the Ventilation Effectiveness in a Public Toilet under Three Ventilation Methods

Zhonghua Zhang, Lingjie Zeng, Huixian Shi, Hua Liu, Wenjun Yin, Haowen Shen, Libin Yang, Jun Gao, Lina Wang, Yalei Zhang and Xuefei Zhou
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Zhonghua Zhang: National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Lingjie Zeng: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Huixian Shi: National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Hua Liu: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Wenjun Yin: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Haowen Shen: National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Libin Yang: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Jun Gao: School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Lina Wang: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Yalei Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Xuefei Zhou: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 24, 1-25

Abstract: The indoor air quality (IAQ) of severely polluted toilets is associated with the transmission of diseases. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods and experimental measurements were used to analyze the diffusion characteristics of pollutants. This study investigated the diffusion characteristics and normalized concentration of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide pollutants under three ventilation systems—mixing ventilation (MV), personalized ventilation (PV), and impinging jet ventilation (IJV)—in a public toilet. The mean age of air (MAA) and air exchange efficiency (AEE) were also analyzed in our study. The results show that the MV scheme has a poor removal effect on pollutants compared with PV and IJV. IJV has advantages in reducing the normalized concentration of pollutants and improving the IAQ. Increasing the number of air changes per hour (ACH) may lead to a longer MAA and reduced air exchange efficiency. Choosing an appropriate number of air changes is very important to improve the IAQ in the toilet.

Keywords: public toilet; indoor air quality; CFD; mean age of air; air exchange efficiency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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