State of Art of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Oils for Biodiesel Production

Jesús Andrés Tavizón-Pozos, Gerardo Chavez-Esquivel, Víctor Alejandro Suárez-Toriello, Carlos Eduardo Santolalla-Vargas, Oscar Abel Luévano-Rivas, Omar Uriel Valdés-Martínez, Alfonso Talavera-López and Jose Antonio Rodriguez
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Jesús Andrés Tavizón-Pozos: Cátedras CONACYT-Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Pachuca C.P. 42184, Mexico
Gerardo Chavez-Esquivel: Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México C.P. 02200, Mexico
Víctor Alejandro Suárez-Toriello: C. CONACYT-CIATEC, Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, Omega 201, Industrial Delta, León 37545, Mexico
Carlos Eduardo Santolalla-Vargas: Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México C.P. 07340, Mexico
Oscar Abel Luévano-Rivas: C. CONACYT-CIATEC, Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, Omega 201, Industrial Delta, León 37545, Mexico
Omar Uriel Valdés-Martínez: Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 86, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1ª Secc., Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09310, Mexico
Alfonso Talavera-López: Unidad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carr. A Guadalajara km 6, Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas C.P. 98160, Mexico
Jose Antonio Rodriguez: Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Pachuca C.P. 42184, Mexico

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 4, 1-24

Abstract: Biodiesel produced through catalytic transesterification of triglycerides from edible and non-edible oils and alcohol is considered an alternative to traditional petro-diesel. The interest in the use of alkaline earth metal oxides as heterogeneous basic catalysts has increased due to their availability, non-toxicity, the capacity to be reused, low cost, and high concentration of surface basic sites that provide the activity. This work is a compilation of the strategies to understand the effect of the source, synthesis, and thermal treatment of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO on the improvement of the surface basic sites density and strength, the morphology of the solid structure, stability during reaction and reusability. These parameters are commonly modified or enhanced by mixing these oxides or with alkaline metals. Also, the improvement of the acid-base properties and to avoid the lixiviation of catalysts can be achieved by supporting the alkaline earth metal oxides on another oxide. Additionally, the effect of the most relevant operation conditions in oil transesterification reactions such as methanol to oil ratio, temperature, agitation method, pressure, and catalysts concentration are reviewed. This review attempts to elucidate the optimum parameters of reaction and their application in different oils.

Keywords: biodiesel; alkaline-earth metals; heterogeneous catalysts; transesterification; basicity; operation conditions; recycle; vegetable oils; wasted cooking oils (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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