State-of-the-Art of Mini Grids for Rural Electrification in West Africa

Fernando Antonanzas-Torres, Javier Antonanzas and Julio Blanco-Fernandez
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Fernando Antonanzas-Torres: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
Javier Antonanzas: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, 430 University Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Julio Blanco-Fernandez: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 4, 1-21

Abstract: The current electrification status in West African countries presents rural electrification rates below 40%, national grid losses above 39% with frequent disruptions, and electricity prices averaging $0.35/kWh, up to national values of $0.66/kWh. With this, off-grid systems have gained great attention during the last decade as energy solutions; especially solar home systems (SHS) and mini grids. Nowadays, 385 mini grids with a power of near 30 MW are operating in West Africa, with 95% based on PV. Since 2019, result-based tenders with international aid funding—more effective than previous competitive tenders—seek to install at least 317 new mini grids in Togo, 250 in Nigeria, 100 in Burkina Faso, and two in Mali. Besides, the market for mini-grid energy access start-ups grew from $19 million in 2013 to $339 million in 2018. Despite this recent development in West Africa, research and data for mini grids in this region is scarce, and it is mostly approached from the technological side, with a striking lack of information regarding the social impact. This work tries to describe the present status of research and current operating installations, as well as the main challenges for future development of off grid mini grids in West Africa, which pose as the missing link between SHS and grid extension.

Keywords: mini grid; rural electrification; off-grid energy; West Africa (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (12)

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