Opportunities for the State-of-the-Art Production of LIB Electrodes—A Review

Silje Nornes Bryntesen, Anders Hammer Strømman, Ignat Tolstorebrov, Paul R. Shearing, Jacob J. Lamb and Odne Stokke Burheim
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Silje Nornes Bryntesen: Department of Energy and Process Engineering & ENERSENSE, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Anders Hammer Strømman: Department of Energy and Process Engineering & ENERSENSE, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Ignat Tolstorebrov: Department of Energy and Process Engineering & ENERSENSE, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Paul R. Shearing: Department of Energy and Process Engineering & ENERSENSE, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Jacob J. Lamb: Department of Energy and Process Engineering & ENERSENSE, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Odne Stokke Burheim: Department of Energy and Process Engineering & ENERSENSE, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-41

Abstract: A sustainable shift from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is essential to achieve a considerable reduction in emissions. The production of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) used in EVs is an energy-intensive and costly process. It can also lead to significant embedded emissions depending on the source of energy used. In fact, about 39% of the energy consumption in LIB production is associated with drying processes, where the electrode drying step accounts for about a half. Despite the enormous energy consumption and costs originating from drying processes, they are seldomly researched in the battery industry. Establishing knowledge within the LIB industry regarding state-of-the-art drying techniques and solvent evaporation mechanisms is vital for optimising process conditions, detecting alternative solvent systems, and discovering novel techniques. This review aims to give a summary of the state-of-the-art LIB processing techniques. An in-depth understanding of the influential factors for each manufacturing step of LIBs is then established, emphasising the electrode structure and electrochemical performance. Special attention is dedicated to the convection drying step in conventional water and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)-based electrode manufacturing. Solvent omission in dry electrode processing substantially lowers the energy demand and allows for a thick, mechanically stable electrode coating. Small changes in the electrode manufacturing route may have an immense impact on the final battery performance. Electrodes used for research and development often have a different production route and techniques compared to those processed in industry. The scalability issues related to the comparison across scales are discussed and further emphasised when the industry moves towards the next-generation techniques. Finally, the critical aspects of the innovations and industrial modifications that aim to overcome the main challenges are presented.

Keywords: battery electrode; drying techniques; solvent chemistry; lithium-ion battery (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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