Varying Ignition Quality of a Fuel for a HCCI Engine Using a Photochemically-Controlled Additive: The Development of a ‘Smart’ Fuel

David Emberson, Judit Sandquist, Terese Løvås, Alessandro Schönborn and Inge Saanum
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David Emberson: Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Judit Sandquist: SINTEF Energy AS, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
Terese Løvås: Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Alessandro Schönborn: World Maritime University, Maritime Energy Management (MEM), Fiskehamnsgatan 1, 211 18 Malmö, Sweden
Inge Saanum: SINTEF Energy AS, 7034 Trondheim, Norway

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-17

Abstract: This study examines the possibility to provide control over ignition timing in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine (HCCI) using a fuel additive whose molecular structure can be adapted upon exposure to UV light. The UV adapted molecule has a greater influence on retarding ignition than the original molecule, hence the ignition time can be modulated upon expose to UV light. The new fuel is referred to as a ‘smart fuel’. The fuel additive is in the form of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD), upon UV exposure it undergoes electro-cyclic ring opening to form 1,3,5-hexatriene (HT). Various solutions of iso-octane, n-heptane and CHD have been irradiated by UV light for different amounts of time. CHD to HT conversion was examined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A primary reference fuel (PRF) mixture of 90% iso-octane and 10% n-heptane was used as a baseline in an optically accessible combustion chamber in a large bore, single cylinder compression ignition engine. The engine was operated in HCCI mode, using early injection to provide homogeneous mixture and utilized heated and compressed air intake. Following this a PRF with 5% CHD was used in the engine. A PRF with 5% CHD was then irradiated with UV light for 240 min, resulting in a PRF mixture containing 1.72% HT, this was then used in the engine. The HT containing PRF had a much later start of combustion compared with the CHD containing PRF, which in turn had a later start of combustion compared with the PRF baseline. This study has successfully validated the concept of using a photo-chemical ‘smart’ fuel to significantly change the ignition quality of a fuel in HCCI mode combustion and demonstrated the concept of on-board ‘smart fuel’ applications for ICE.

Keywords: HCCI; ignition; photo-chemical; fuel additive; 1,3-cyclohexadiene; 1,3,5-hexatriene (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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