Bismuth-Graphene Nanohybrids: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanisms, and Photocatalytic Applications—A Review

Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Humayun, Syed Shaheen Shah, Habib Ullah, Asif A Tahir, Abbas Khan and Habib Ullah
Additional contact information
Muhammad Usman: Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Humayun: School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Syed Shaheen Shah: Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Habib Ullah: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Asif A Tahir: Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, UK
Abbas Khan: Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, KP, Pakistan
Habib Ullah: Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, UK

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 8, 1-36

Abstract: Photocatalysis is a classical solution to energy conversion and environmental pollution control problems. In photocatalysis, the development and exploration of new visible light catalysts and their synthesis and modification strategies are crucial. It is also essential to understand the mechanism of these reactions in the various reaction media. Recently, bismuth and graphene’s unique geometrical and electronic properties have attracted considerable attention in photocatalysis. This review summarizes bismuth-graphene nanohybrids’ synthetic processes with various design considerations, fundamental mechanisms of action, heterogeneous photocatalysis, benefits, and challenges. Some key applications in energy conversion and environmental pollution control are discussed, such as CO 2 reduction, water splitting, pollutant degradation, disinfection, and organic transformations. The detailed perspective of bismuth-graphene nanohybrids’ applications in various research fields presented herein should be of equal interest to academic and industrial scientists.

Keywords: bismuth/graphene; nanohybrids; photocatalysis; reaction mechanisms; energy; pollution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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