Wind and Solar Intermittency and the Associated Integration Challenges: A Comprehensive Review Including the Status in the Belgian Power System

Siavash Asiaban, Nezmin Kayedpour, Arash E. Samani, Dimitar Bozalakov, Jeroen D. M. De Kooning, Guillaume Crevecoeur and Lieven Vandevelde
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Siavash Asiaban: Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Nezmin Kayedpour: Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Arash E. Samani: Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Dimitar Bozalakov: Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Jeroen D. M. De Kooning: Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Guillaume Crevecoeur: Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Lieven Vandevelde: Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark—Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-41

Abstract: Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have drawn significant attention in the past years to make the transition towards low carbon emissions. On the one hand, the intermittent nature of RES, resulting in variable power generation, hinders their high-level penetration in the power system. On the other hand, RES can aid not only to supply much more eco-friendly energy but also it allows the power system to enhance its stability by ancillary service provision. This article reviews the challenges related to the most intermittent RES utilised in Belgium, that is, wind energy and solar energy. Additionally, wind speed and solar irradiance variations, which are the cause of wind and solar intermittency, are studied. Then, recent techniques to forecast their changes, and approaches to accommodate or mitigate their impacts on the power system, are discussed. Finally, the latest statistics and future situation of RES in the Belgian power system are evaluated.

Keywords: renewable energy; wind energy; solar energy; intermittency; ancillary services; grid integration; Belgian power system; COVID-19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (15)

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