Batteries and Hydrogen Storage: Technical Analysis and Commercial Revision to Select the Best Option

José Manuel Andújar (), Francisca Segura, Jesús Rey and Francisco José Vivas
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José Manuel Andújar: Research Centre CITES (Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad), Campus La Rábida, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Artes, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Francisca Segura: Research Centre CITES (Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad), Campus La Rábida, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Artes, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Jesús Rey: Research Centre CITES (Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad), Campus La Rábida, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Artes, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Francisco José Vivas: Research Centre CITES (Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad), Campus La Rábida, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Artes, 21007 Huelva, Spain

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 17, 1-32

Abstract: This paper aims to analyse two energy storage methods—batteries and hydrogen storage technologies—that in some cases are treated as complementary technologies, but in other ones they are considered opposed technologies. A detailed technical description of each technology will allow to understand the evolution of batteries and hydrogen storage technologies: batteries looking for higher energy capacity and lower maintenance, while hydrogen storage technologies pursuing better volumetric and gravimetric densities. Additionally, as energy storage systems, a mathematical model is required to know the state of charge of the system. For this purpose, a mathematical model is proposed for conventional batteries, for compressed hydrogen tanks, for liquid hydrogen storage and for metal hydride tanks, which makes it possible to integrate energy storage systems into management strategies that aim to solve the energy balance in plants based on hybrid energy storage systems. From the technical point of view, most batteries are easier to operate and do not require special operating conditions, while hydrogen storage methods are currently functioning at the two extremes (high temperatures for metal and complex hydrides and low temperatures for liquid hydrogen or physisorption). Additionally, the technical comparison made in this paper also includes research trends and future possibilities in an attempt to help plan future policies.

Keywords: energy storage; energy capacity; gravimetric and volumetric density; mathematical model; hydrogen storage method; battery; hydrogen; technical comparison (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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