Thermal Electrical Tests for Battery Safety Standardization

Annika Stein (), Daniel Kehl, Cedric Jackmann, Stefan Essmann, Frank Lienesch and Michael Kurrat
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Annika Stein: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Daniel Kehl: Elenia Institute for High Voltage Technology and Power Systems, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 23, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Cedric Jackmann: Elenia Institute for High Voltage Technology and Power Systems, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 23, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Stefan Essmann: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Frank Lienesch: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
Michael Kurrat: Elenia Institute for High Voltage Technology and Power Systems, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 23, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 21, 1-13

Abstract: Battery safety tests are defined by several international standards in different ways and with heterogenous termination and failure criteria. In this work, lithium-ion cells were examined regarding their behavior in the event of overcharging and also in the event of an external short circuit with varied parameters specified by standards. The voltage, current, and temperature curves were evaluated. In addition, the changes in the cells were analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It is shown that the cells exhibit reproducible behavior in a clamped state. Further, it could be determined that the position of the cell opening during an overcharge has an influence on the further behavior of the cell. EIS data showed that the cells have a significantly higher internal resistance after an overcharge. The short-circuit tests at different ambient temperatures indicated that the internal resistance of the cell decreases with increasing temperature. However, no reproducible effects in impedance spectra were present after the short-circuit test. This work illustrates that the choice of test parameters and termination criteria undoubtedly influence the test results and thus may change the classification of cells as either safe or unsafe. Thus, cells may be classified as safe regarding a certain standard but unsafe regarding another.

Keywords: lithium-ion battery; battery safety; overcharging; short circuit; standardization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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