Co-Torrefaction Progress of Biomass Residue/Waste Obtained for High-Value Bio-Solid Products

Abdul Waheed, Salman Raza Naqvi () and Imtiaz Ali
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Abdul Waheed: Laboratory of Alternative Fuels & Sustainability, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Science and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Salman Raza Naqvi: Laboratory of Alternative Fuels & Sustainability, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Science and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Imtiaz Ali: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 21, 1-20

Abstract: The co-torrefaction of several biomasses may be a viable solution in the study area, as it produces biofuels and addresses waste-treatment concerns. This review evaluates biomass through ultimate, proximate, and FTIR analyses, and the mechanism of the co-torrefaction process is observed for product quality with a synergistic effect. Furthermore, the parameters of co-torrefaction, including temperature, reaction time, mass yield, energy yield, and the composition of the H/C and O/C ratio of the co-torrefied materials, are similar to those for coal composition. Different reactor types, such as fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, microwave, and batch reactors, are used for co-torrefaction, in which biomass blends with optimized blend ratios. The co-torrefaction process increases the bio-solid yield and heating value, the capacity to adsorb carbon dioxide, and the renewable fuel used for gasification. One of the objectives of this study is to adopt a process that must be viable, green, and sustainable without generating pollution. For this reason, microwave co-torrefaction (MCT) has been used in many recent studies to transform waste and biomass materials into an alternative fuel using a microwave reactor.

Keywords: co-torrefaction; reactors; bioenergy; biomass; bio-solid; bio-oil; bio-gas (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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